First, apply for approval in advance

Some customers' greenhouse construction may be used for commercial or industrial purposes. Generally speaking, the construction of greenhouse greenhouse agricultural facilities on agricultural land does not need to be approved, but some areas need to be approved in advance according to local government requirements to prevent land use. Obstacles occurred during the progress of the project.

Second, ensure that the land meets the needs of use

If the greenhouse is constructed for open field planting in the facility (except for soilless, etc.), the nutrients and soil quality of the land should be ensured to meet the needs of plant growth. If some aspects are unsatisfactory, they can be improved through post-construction. If the soil cannot be improved, it is recommended to choose another land to build the shed.

Science and Technology Greenhouse reminds that soilless cultivation techniques rely on soil and are not restricted by land conditions.

3. Convenient greenhouse construction

Generally means that the construction position of the shed should meet the basic conditions of “three links and one leveling” to facilitate the entry of transportation vehicles and materials.

1, three links and one leveling. "Three links" refers to water and electricity passages in the construction site, and one level refers to the leveling of the land inside and outside the site to facilitate construction operations.

2. The accommodation conditions of construction workers are in place. Provide basic accommodation conditions for construction personnel.

3. Construction machinery and equipment are in place. Assist in the preparation of cranes, scaffolds, machine tools, etc.

Before the construction of the greenhouse, it is better to use a steel tape measure with a length of more than fifty meters to measure, which can effectively reduce the installation error. In addition to burying the embedded parts of the arch frame, it is also necessary to bury the hooks of the lamination line, mainly to facilitate the installation of the lamination line in the future.

For the lamination line of the rear wall at the top, it is better to use steel bars, or use steel bars bent into loops and hooks. If the height is 25 cm, then it should be The height of the exposed corner is about eight centimeters, and the hook of the lamination line should be set in the arch frame, and the parallel distance between the outside of the embedded parts should be kept at 5-8 centimeters.

The hook ring in the lamination line is better installed directly in the middle of the embedded parts in the two arches. One needs to be vacated for each installation, and there is a door on the side of the gable. In the workplace, it is better to build it at the end of the greenhouse, but the height of the entire workplace should not be too high to avoid blocking the sun.

In the front corner of the shed, it is better to build a wall skirt of about 25 cm, and then leave the embedded parts. The main function of the wall skirt is to block the wind, fix the arch and waterproof it.

The embedded parts of the arch frame in the wall skirt can better correspond to the embedded parts of the arch frame in the back wall, so the wall skirt also needs to be equipped with a film line hook, under normal circumstances, it will be directly It is set on the outside of the wall skirt, and it corresponds to the pressure line of the back wall. After the entire arch is completely installed, you can plaster the position of the wall skirt and the back wall, remember better It is possible to directly apply the weld to the inside, and the order of plastering should be to slant out the outside, which is more conducive to drainage.

As the pollution becomes more and more serious, many soils also contain poisons, and with the popularization and promotion of facility cultivation, the land utilization rate is getting higher and higher, which provides conditions for increasing farmers’ income and productivity. . However, the temperature and humidity under the conditions of the facility are extremely conducive to the growth and spread of pests and diseases, especially soil-borne pests and diseases.

The old waste film is collected every year for soil disinfection, mainly to increase the ground surface area and make the ground temperature rise quickly. Cover the compartment surface with old film and fill the ditch with water until the compartment surface is soaked. The cover of the solar greenhouse construction membrane is tightly sealed. With this method, the surface temperature can reach more than 80 ℃, and ordinary diseases and insects can be killed. Because this kind of disinfection method has a high temperature inside the shed, the heat-resistant items in the shed must be taken out of the shed.

Environmental temperature for smart greenhouse construction is closely related to plant growth and development. All plant growth and development processes are significantly affected by temperature. There are different flowers distributed in different temperature zones (tropical zone, temperate zone, and cold zone) on the earth. There is a clear difference between their cold resistance and heat resistance, and the effect of temperature on the natural distribution of plants is the main reason for these differences. After these plants are used in gardens and cultivated in the construction of intelligent greenhouses, they show different requirements for temperature, which also determines the cultivation and application methods of people to a certain extent.

Humidity in greenhouse construction There are many kinds of plants. Due to different climatic conditions of origin, the requirements for air humidity are also inconsistent. Flowers that like yin and damp, if cultivated in arid environment for a long time, the leaves will turn yellow or red, become smaller, thin and curled, or the leaves are scorched; flowers that like drought, such as cacti, if cultivated for a long time In a humid environment, the epidermis is easy to thin, and rot disease will occur. In cultivation, it is usually divided into three categories according to the requirements of flowers on air humidity: yin and humid flowers, drought-tolerant flowers, and neutral flowers. We can formulate different humidity standards according to these three types of flowers, and humidify or dehumidify in a planned manner.

Misunderstanding 1: digging too deep in the shed

This is a prominent problem in the construction of vegetable greenhouses. There are many reasons for this problem. First, in recent years, in order to pursue the benefits of vegetable growing, vegetable farmers have increased their investment in the construction of "high-standard" vegetable greenhouses, so that the height of the shed is higher and higher, which greatly increases the amount of earthwork in the shed wall. The mounds build walls, and the digging becomes deeper and deeper. Second, some vegetable farmers mistakenly believe that the deeper the digging in the shed, the more thermally it is, which is more conducive to the growth of vegetables, so that there are "cellar" vegetable greenhouses in Heshun County and other places. These are unreasonable. Thirdly, in order to save time and labor, the shed builders directly dug the soil from the shed in the process of stacking the walls, but the soil in front of the shed was not used, and the height of the surface in the shed and in front of the shed was increased.

Misunderstanding 2: The slope inside and outside the wall is too steep

This is a detail problem during the construction of vegetable greenhouses. Some vegetable farmers built vegetable greenhouse walls with steep slopes inside and outside, and some even had no slopes, and were vertical walls. According to local vegetable farmers, if the walls of vegetable greenhouses are built with slopes, they will inevitably occupy more land between the sheds and the planting area in the sheds will also be reduced a lot. Considering how much land is occupied, the vegetable grower’s point of view makes sense, but if considering from the perspective of vegetable production, it is unreasonable that the slope of the shed wall inside and outside is too steep.

Misunderstanding 3: Improperly erected pillars in the shed

In the vegetable greenhouse, the main function of the column is to support the arch and prevent it from bending. However, in the process of going to the countryside, we found that many vegetable greenhouses had just broken up after just six months of construction. After our investigation, the situation is related to the improper embedding of the columns.

Misunderstanding four: shed height and shed width are not proportional

Hop height refers to the height of the vegetable greenhouse, generally measured based on the height of the second row of columns in the shed; shed width refers to the span of the vegetable greenhouse, generally measured from the water channel at the root of the northern wall of the shed to the front of the greenhouse. As the saying goes, "there will be a span when there is height." Many shacks have built wider and wider vegetable greenhouses to increase the planting area.

Myth #5: Poor site selection

Vegetable greenhouse is a fixed facility with high investment cost and long service life. Once the construction site is not well selected, it will definitely affect the future production of greenhouse vegetables and reduce planting benefits.

First, the shed-type structure and direction are the most critical. Sheds are mostly arc-shaped, and the better direction of the shed is to sit north to south, and the east-west direction is better. In winter, they can fully receive the sunlight and increase the temperature in the shed. It is also conducive to ventilation, reducing humidity in the shed and reducing pests and diseases. The size of the shed is better than the standard 8-meter shed, and the length of the shed should not exceed 45 meters. In the structure of the greenhouse, the spacing of the steel pipes is preferably 80 cm, and the spacing should not be too wide, otherwise the shed membrane is easily blown off by the wind. If it is a multi-span shed, it is required to install drainage grooves in the multi-span position to prevent rainy rain from dripping into the shed from the position of the multi-span, increase the humidity in the shed, and reduce the temperature in the shed. When building a shed, the most taboo is cutting corners. In the structure of the greenhouse, the distance between the steel pipes cannot be more than one meter. If the distance between the steel pipes exceeds one meter, it is easy to cause the membrane of the greenhouse to be rolled up and down by the wind, and even blown away by the strong wind. At least the requirements.

2. Cover the inner membrane. For a greenhouse with a width of 8 meters, it is recommended to cover the inner membrane when the greenhouse is relatively high. The distance between the inner membrane and the outer membrane is better than 25cm, which ensures the air insulation between the inner membrane and the outer membrane, and reduces the effects of air convection and heat dissipation. The disadvantage of capping the inner membrane is that the inner temperature of the inner membrane is high and the external temperature is low. Due to the temperature difference, it is easy to form water droplets in the inner membrane, which increases the humidity in the shed and increases the incidence of vegetables in the shed.

Cover with non-woven fabric. Compared with the inner film, this measure can significantly reduce the indoor humidity of the shed and effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the same time, the non-woven fabric has a significant thermal insulation effect, which can increase the temperature of the greenhouse by 3-5 ℃. Since the non-woven fabric is easy to pull and easy to manage, it brings a lot of convenience to the greenhouse management. Please note: the non-woven fabric is better suspended in the peripheral position of the shed.

Fourth, use heating equipment such as heaters, air conditioners, radiators, etc. Where possible, heaters can be purchased. The heaters are divided into 1000 watts, 1500 watts, 2000 watts, and 2500 watts according to the power. For an 8*30m greenhouse, four 1000 watt heaters can be used for heating. Two of the heaters are placed at the two ends of the field to blow warm air to the middle of the field, and the other two are located at the middle of the sky to blow warm air to the two ends of the field, which can effectively increase the temperature in the shed by 2-5°C. In addition, we can also use heating equipment such as radiators in the north. Because the heating equipment is more expensive, these heating equipment are mostly used in greenhouse seedlings and cultivation of valuable flowers.

Five, use high-power bulbs. When the bulb is used at night, it is better to use a large bulb power of 1000 watt bulb, which can effectively avoid the occurrence of frost damage. Generally speaking, 4-6 bulbs are used in the 8*30m greenhouse, which can improve the air temperature by 2-3℃

Sixth, smoking measures. On a sunny evening, due to the blue sky and no clouds, the heat in the field can be dissipated in the form of heat radiation. On a cloudy day, because there are clouds in the sky, it acts as a thin film, and the heat in the field will not be radiated. In this case, we recommend using the smoke method on a sunny day to prevent frost damage. The smoked raw material can be added with red coal briquettes and sawdust, which requires the sawdust to be half dry and half wet. In this way, there will be no open flames in the sawdust, which can effectively produce dense smoke, but it is worth noting that the amount of smoked smoke should not be too thick; the crops planted next to the sawdust are most likely to be affected by smoke, so it must be prevented from occurring. . Also pay attention to safety to avoid fire or harm to people. In addition, it can be used in combination with fumigant. Common bactericidal fumigant and insecticide fumigant can be used, and it is easy to control. It also has the effect of preventing insects and curing diseases. You can get twice the result with half the effort.

Seven, lighting candles or burning firewood, the effect is more obvious. When the temperature reaches zero, two open flames are burned at both ends of a 30*8m shed, which can effectively increase the temperature and the air temperature in the shed by 3-5 ℃. Burning candles, it is more appropriate to place about 30 candles in a 30*8m shed, so that the air temperature in the shed can be increased by 2-3 ℃. But we must prevent fires. Put the open flame on the ground where the tomatoes are not cultivated, do not get too close to the tomatoes, so as not to burn the tomatoes.

Eight, spray warm water. The water temperature is more suitable at 25-28℃. Timing of spraying warm water: When none of the above methods can keep the temperature in the shed above 3-5℃, use this method to solve the emergency needs. However, this will increase the humidity of the air, so if the weather temperature is higher than 8°C the next day, you can ventilate in time to remove the moisture.

The above measures are not used in isolation. Reasonable arrangements should be made according to local conditions, and reasonable arrangements should be made on the basis of making full use of existing resources. While doing the above work, we should pay attention to the airtightness of the greenhouse itself. If the airtightness is not good, then the above measures are the best. As long as the wind enters, the plant will be damaged by cold or freezing, and it will not be able to perform its proper thermal insulation and cold protection. effect.